Posts tagged “Unicode”
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Why encodeURIComponent throws URIError on a cut emoji: lone surrogates
Cut an emoji in half: encodeURIComponent throws URIError, TextEncoder writes EF BF BD. Lone UTF-16 surrogates and isWellFormed()/toWellFormed(), per ECMA-262 and Unicode 17.0.
Why toLowerCase() Breaks Case-Insensitive Comparison: Unicode Case Folding
'straße' and 'STRASSE' differ after toLowerCase(). Case conversion vs case folding, the Turkish i, simple folding in regex /iu, and normalization, per Unicode 17.0 and ECMAScript 2026.
The UTF-8 BOM (EF BB BF): why three invisible bytes break some parsers and not others
Why EF BB BF at the start of a UTF-8 file is skipped by browsers but rejected by JSON.parse, following the rules in Unicode, RFC 3629, RFC 8259 (JSON) and the WHATWG Encoding and HTML standards.
Why bücher.example turns into xn--bcher-kva: IDNs and Punycode
Why a domain with accents or non-Latin script shows up as xn--… in DNS settings and certificates, how Punycode spells it in ASCII, the mapping rules before it, and homograph phishing.
Why character counts disagree: bytes, code points and what you see
Why Word, a web form, an SMS and JavaScript's .length give different counts for the same text: UTF-8 bytes, UTF-16 code units, code points and grapheme clusters, and which one to use.
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